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near
Cape Roberts in 1956
(3,335 m) in the Admiralty Mountains subrange, as seen from Cape Hallett
covering
Lake Fryxell in the
McMurdo Dry Valleys of the Transantarctic Mountains. The lake is formed from
glacier meltwater from the Canada Glacier and other smaller glaciers. The fresh water stays on top of the lake and freezes, sealing in
brine lake water below.
The
Transantarctic Mountains (abbreviated
TAM) compose a
mountain range in
Antarctica which extend, with some interruptions, across the continent from Cape Adare in northern Victoria Land to
Coats Land. These mountains serve as the division between East Antarctica and
West Antarctica. They include a number of separately named mountain groups, which are often again subdivided into smaller ranges.
Geography
The mountain range stretches between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea the entire length of Antarctica, thence the name. It reaches heights of more than . At 100–300 km wide, the range forms the boundary between the east Antarctic and the west Antarctic ice sheets. The summits of the mountains are some of the few places that break through the Antarctic ice sheet emerging as
nunataks. The
McMurdo Dry Valleys lie near McMurdo Sound and represent a special Antarctic phenomenon: landscapes that are snow and ice free due to the extremely limited precipitation and ablation of ice in the valleys.
With a total length of about 3,500 km, the Transantarctic Mountains are one of the longer mountain ranges on
Earth. The highest mountain is 4,528 m high
Mount Kirkpatrick in the
Queen Alexandra Range.
History
The Transantarctic Mountains were first seen by Captain James Clark Ross in 1841 from the Ross Sea. The range is a natural barrier that must be crossed to reach the
South Pole from the Ross Ice Shelf. In 1908, while not making the pole,
Ernest Shackleton's party was the first to cross the mountains, using the Beardmore Glacier. Robert Falcon Scott returned to the Beardmore in 1911, while Roald Amundsen crossed the range via the
Axel Heiberg Glacier.
The name "Transantarctic Mountains" were recommended in 1962 by the
Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names, a US authority for geographic names. This purely descriptive label (in contrast to many other
geographic names of the seventh continent) is internationally accepted at present.
The
Leverett Glacier in the Queen Maud Mountains is the planned route through the TAM for the
McMurdo-South Pole highway between McMurdo Station and Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station.
Geology
The Transantarctic Mountains are considerably older than other
mountain ranges of the continent that are mainly
volcano in origin. The mountains consist mainly of sandstone and dolerite formed up to 400 million years ago (during the Silurian period). Many of the fossils found in Antarctica are from locations within the Transantarctic Mountains. The range was tectonic uplifted during the opening of the
West Antarctic Rift to the east, beginning about 65 million years ago in the early Cenozoic.
Ice from the East Antarctic ice sheet flows through the Transantarctic Mountains in a series of
outlet glaciers into the Ross Sea, Ross Ice Shelf, and
West Antarctic Ice Sheet. These glaciers generally flow perpendicular to the orientation of the range and define subranges and peak groups.
See Also
Subranges
Major glaciers
External links
- Map of the Transantarctic Mountains
- Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountains
- Transantarctic Mountains at Peakbagger.com
near
Cape Roberts in 1956
(3,335 m) in the Admiralty Mountains subrange, as seen from
Cape Hallett covering
Lake Fryxell in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of the Transantarctic Mountains. The lake is formed from
glacier meltwater from the
Canada Glacier and other smaller glaciers. The fresh water stays on top of the lake and freezes, sealing in
brine lake water below.
The
Transantarctic Mountains (abbreviated
TAM) compose a mountain range in
Antarctica which extend, with some interruptions, across the continent from Cape Adare in northern
Victoria Land to
Coats Land. These mountains serve as the division between
East Antarctica and West Antarctica. They include a number of separately named mountain groups, which are often again subdivided into smaller ranges.
Geography
The mountain range stretches between the
Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea the entire length of Antarctica, thence the name. It reaches heights of more than . At 100–300 km wide, the range forms the boundary between the east Antarctic and the west Antarctic ice sheets. The
summits of the mountains are some of the few places that break through the Antarctic ice sheet emerging as nunataks. The McMurdo Dry Valleys lie near McMurdo Sound and represent a special Antarctic phenomenon: landscapes that are snow and ice free due to the extremely limited precipitation and ablation of ice in the valleys.
With a total length of about 3,500 km, the Transantarctic Mountains are one of the longer
mountain ranges on Earth. The highest mountain is 4,528 m high Mount Kirkpatrick in the
Queen Alexandra Range.
History
The Transantarctic Mountains were first seen by Captain
James Clark Ross in 1841 from the Ross Sea. The range is a natural barrier that must be crossed to reach the South Pole from the
Ross Ice Shelf. In 1908, while not making the pole, Ernest Shackleton's party was the first to cross the mountains, using the
Beardmore Glacier.
Robert Falcon Scott returned to the Beardmore in 1911, while
Roald Amundsen crossed the range via the Axel Heiberg Glacier.
The name "Transantarctic Mountains" were recommended in 1962 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names, a US authority for geographic names. This purely descriptive label (in contrast to many other
geographic names of the seventh continent) is internationally accepted at present.
The Leverett Glacier in the
Queen Maud Mountains is the planned route through the TAM for the McMurdo-South Pole highway between McMurdo Station and
Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station.
Geology
The Transantarctic Mountains are considerably older than other
mountain ranges of the continent that are mainly volcano in origin. The mountains consist mainly of
sandstone and dolerite formed up to 400 million years ago (during the
Silurian period). Many of the
fossils found in Antarctica are from locations within the Transantarctic Mountains. The range was tectonic uplifted during the opening of the West Antarctic Rift to the east, beginning about 65 million years ago in the early
Cenozoic.
Ice from the
East Antarctic ice sheet flows through the Transantarctic Mountains in a series of outlet glaciers into the Ross Sea, Ross Ice Shelf, and West Antarctic Ice Sheet. These glaciers generally flow perpendicular to the orientation of the range and define subranges and peak groups.
See Also
Subranges
- Victoria Land
- Concord Mountains
- Admiralty Mountains
- Victory Mountains
- Prince Albert Mountains
- Queen Alexandra Range
- Queen Maud Mountains
- Horlick Mountains
- Thiel Mountains
- Pensacola Mountains
- Shackleton Range
- Theron Mountains
Major glaciers
External links
- Map of the Transantarctic Mountains
- Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountains
- Transantarctic Mountains at Peakbagger.com
Transantarctic Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The three largest mountain ranges on the Antarctic continent are the Transantarctic Mountains, the West Antarctica Ranges, and the East Antarctica Ranges.
Transantarctic Mountains - Antarctic Connection
The Transantarctic Mountains. Learn about their formation and morphology. The Antarctic Connection.
Introduction
Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountains: The Transantarctic Mountain (TAM) Range divides the Antarctic continent ...
Transantarctic Mountains definition of Transantarctic Mountains in the ...
Transantarctic Mountains, mountain chain stretching across Antarctica from Victoria Land to Coats Land; separating the E Antarctic and W Antarctic subcontinents.
Transantarctic Mountains Introduction
How to use this website. The Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) are one of the world's longest continental rift flank uplifts, with an along strike length of more than 3500 kilometers.
Transantarctic Mountains Project
Transantarctic Mountains Stations. Two stations were installed on Mount Coates (1996, 1997 field seasons) and Mount Cocks (1997 field season). Image courtesy of the USGS
Tectonics, flexure, and the uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains
Tectonics, flexure, and the uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains. The 3,000-km long and 4.5 km high Transantarctic Mountains represent the uplifted flank of the West Antarctic ...
Adventure Network International - Mountains-Transantarctic
Overview: Climbing and Exploring Ranges Seldom Visited In our continuing quest to find new and exciting challenges in Antarctica, Adventure Network has set its sights on another ...
Antarctica New Zealand
The Lithosphere. Transantarctic Mountains Tectonics. Principle Investigator: Nick Mortimer Organisation: GNS Science. What we do: investigate possible major fault lines along the ...
Transantarctic Mountains -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Transantarctic Mountains:The Transantarctic Mountains, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica.Hannes Grobemountain system subdividing the ...
